For the past several years, Yellowstone County has
utilized Enhanced 911 (E911) technology to support the dispatch
of emergency personnel. With Enhanced 911, a caller's phone number
and physical address are automatically written to the 911 operator's
screen when a 911 call is generated. The instantaneous display
of this information provides several advantages: dispatchers are
freed up from taking lengthy verbal descriptions of callers' locations,
and they can handle more calls if they're not occupied with guiding
responders to a scene. A written address reduces confusion that
can be caused by similar-sounding street names or missing or inaccurate
directionals. ("Help, I'm at 1234 24th Street!" instead
of, 1234 South 24th Street West). Most importantly, in situations
where a caller becomes disconnected, cannot speak, or doesn't
know their location, enhanced 911 makes it possible to identify
the caller's location and dispatch public safety personnel without
delay.
The enhanced functionality requires that phone company databases
contain accurate physical addresses for every phone number --
no PO box addresses or rural route designations. However, in the
case of cell phones, the person dialing 911 could be calling from
anywhere. Different processes are required to identify the location
of cell phone 911 callers, and to ensure that the 911 call is
routed to the appropriate jurisdiction for the quickest response.
GPS-enabled cell phones, selective routers on cell phone towers,
and computer mapping applications are the key components of Wireless
Enhanced 911 (WE911).
The result of applying these new technologies to public safety
operations is improved emergency response times and better management
of resources, i.e., saved time, money, and most importantly, lives.